Characters are used to store literal values, like names of person , names of items etc.. Array of character is known as strings. Strings are terminated by null (‘ ’) character.
Single char variable takes 1 byte. so if we declare char array of 10 size it will take 10 bytes.
Declaration :
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char c; |
Above declaration will consume 1 byte of memory.
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char name[100]; |
above declaration will consume 10 byte of memory
Initialization at the time of declaration:
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char c='A'; char name[]="Coding Street"; |
Character arithmetic :
In c every characters has its ascii values.The below chart shows ascii value and character. There are 128 ascii values in C.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 |
DEC HEX CHARACTER DEC HEX CHARACTER ------------------------------------------------ 0 00 ctl@ NUL | 64 40 @ 1 01 ctlA SOH | 65 41 A 2 02 ctlB STX | 66 42 B 3 03 ctlC ETX | 67 43 C 4 04 ctlD EOT | 68 44 D 5 05 ctlE ENQ | 69 45 E 6 06 ctlF ACK | 70 46 F 7 07 ctlG BELL | 71 47 G 8 08 ctlH BS | 72 48 H 9 09 ctlI HT | 73 49 I 10 0A ctlJ LF | 74 4A J 11 0B ctlK VT | 75 4B K 12 0C ctlL FF | 76 4C L 13 0D ctlM CR | 77 4D M 14 0E ctlN SO | 78 4E N 15 0F ctlO SI | 79 4F O 16 10 ctlP DLE | 80 50 P 17 11 ctlQ DC1 | 81 51 Q 18 12 ctlR DC2 | 82 52 R 19 13 ctlS DC3 | 83 53 S 20 14 ctlT DC4 | 84 54 T 21 15 ctlU NAK | 85 55 U 22 16 ctlV SYN | 86 56 V 23 17 ctlW ETB | 87 57 W 24 18 ctlX CAN | 88 58 X 25 19 ctlY EM | 89 59 Y 26 1A ctlZ SUB | 90 5A Z 27 1B ctl[ ESC | 91 5B [ 28 1C ctl FS | 92 5C 29 1D ctl] GS | 93 5D ] 30 1E ctl^ RS | 94 5E ^ 31 1F ctl_ US | 95 5F _ 32 20 Space | 96 60 ` 33 21 ! | 97 61 a 34 22 " | 98 62 b 35 23 # | 99 63 c 36 24 $ | 100 64 d 37 25 % | 101 65 e 38 26 & | 102 66 f 39 27 ' | 103 67 g 40 28 ( | 104 68 h 41 29 ) | 105 69 i 42 2A * | 106 6A j 43 2B + | 107 6B k 44 2C , | 108 6C l 45 2D - | 109 6D m 46 2E . | 110 6E n 47 2F / | 111 6F o 48 30 0 | 112 70 p 49 31 1 | 113 71 q 50 32 2 | 114 72 r 51 33 3 | 115 73 s 52 34 4 | 116 74 t 53 35 5 | 117 75 u 54 36 6 | 118 76 v 55 37 7 | 119 77 w 56 38 8 | 120 78 x 57 39 9 | 121 79 y 58 3A : | 122 7A z 59 3B ; | 123 7B { 60 3C < | 124 7C | 61 3D = | 125 7D } 62 3E > | 126 7E ~ 63 3F ? | 127 7F DEL |
Functions supported by chars and strings :
Some function are listed below used to manipulate string and chars.
| Function Name | Description |
| getc() | Used to input char from stdin |
| putc() | Used to print char on stdout (screen) |
| Gets() | Used to input string from stdin |
| Puts() | Used to print string on stdout (screen) |
| Strcpy() | Used to copy one string into other string variable |
| Strcat() | Used to join two strings |
| Strchr() | To find position of char in string |
| Strlen() | To find length of string |